Returnees in the hottest cultural heritage

Returnee inheritors in cultural heritage release date: Source: people people overseas version

cultural heritage carries the cultural gene of a nation. Let cultural heritage come out of classics, archaeology, museums, ancient streets and lanes, and interpret the mystery of time and history behind them, so as to better maintain cultural identity, better inherit the context, and crack the cultural code in the precious heritage left by generations of ancestors, Excavate the greater cultural value. Recently, this newspaper interviewed three overseas returnees who worked in the fields of ancient book restoration, archaeology and historical block protection respectively. They have a deeper understanding of the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage

Hou Yuran: "Book Doctor" life

so the new journey of paper fragments

through the quiet and winding corridor of the ancient books library of the National Library, I saw Hou Yuran, who was repairing the "Tianlu Linlang" collection. Calligrapher is another name for ancient book restorers. It is the work of calligraphers to diagnose and treat ancient books and make them reborn in order to better continue the cultural heritage of mankind

after graduating from the intangible cultural heritage major of the Central Academy of fine arts, Hou Yuran went to the painting and calligraphy restoration major of the University of the arts, London, UK for postgraduate study. When she graduated, many of her classmates chose to work in auction houses or art galleries. Out of interest in ancient book restoration, Hou Yuran entered the National Library in 2010, accompanied by paper, and became an ancient book Restorer in the document restoration team. Book repair, an ancient and slightly mysterious skill, connects the ancient and modern with the medium of paper mending in the hands of craftsmen

"the paper property, color, thickness, including the width of curtain lines, of the mending paper should be consistent with the original book in the process of repair." Hou Yuran introduced to him, "In the process, we have also done many experiments to deal with the problem of paper color aging in the process of book repair. For example, we thought the paper was suitable for newly repaired books or fragments at that time, but with the progress of repair time, the aging speed of the paper itself is also very fast, and maybe the color will be dark after a year or two. This brings a problem - is it better to look comfortable at that time? Or does it look comfortable and better after many years? What is the standard? We are still exploring. "

after 10 years of "new craftsman"

unconsciously, Hou Yuran has been a Book repairman for 10 years. With the gradual retirement of the older generation of book repairmen, most of the repairmen in the group are "post-80s" and "post-90s" like Hou Yuran, and the group of young craftsmen has shouldered a heavier burden. They are meticulous and painstakingly learn their skills. What they inherit is their skills and culture. It is also the survival of the exquisite way of cherishing books behind the details

"sometimes the broken parts in a book are the same, which requires us to repeat the same repair operation many times." Hou Yuran said, "the nature of mind is very important. Teachers often say that 'repairing books is repairing the mind'. The technology of repairing books is the foundation, but how can we repair books better? The key lies in the nature of mind. Patience, heart, and love for books themselves."

compared with China and foreign countries, Hou Yuran believes that the restoration of ancient books adheres to the principle of seeking common ground while reserving differences. The restoration concepts of "minimum intervention" and "repairing the old as the old" are the consensus of China and foreign countries. At the same time, restorers from different countries are also learning from each other. "For example, last year, the British Library came to China to communicate. They are also learning from us how to repair Chinese books better, because repairing Chinese books is their weakness. We showed how to save scrolls and discussed how to repair Chinese paper thinner than Western paper."

Hou Yuran, who is not working, likes to watch book exhibitions. "Good exhibitions must be seen, and he will also pay attention to such things as what good ancient books are there recently, what new auctions are there, what good papers are there, and what new tools are there... In a word, hobbies also spread around work." Hou Yuran said with a smile. "Before I entered the industry, I read a book, mostly from the perspective of identification. Who is the author? What is the age and content of the book? What is the value of the edition... Now when I go to the book exhibition, I first look at the binding skills and how to sew, and then look at 'this corner is well wrapped'. 'this guarantees that there will be no leakage under 21MPa pressure. The brocade is really beautiful', and I am still thinking about how to repair this painting if it breaks." She is more and more fond of the craft of book repair, and the bits and pieces related to book repair have already been integrated into all aspects of her life

Liu wenao: look for the old city

popularize the concept of cultural heritage protection

walk through Italy, from Rome to Florence, from San Gimignano to Vicenza, from the Piazza del Pisa to the Church of Santa Maria Thanksgiving with Da Vinci's painting the last supper... During his study in Italy, Liu wenao will not only remember the local mature management system for world heritage, There is also people's imperceptible understanding and conscious awareness of the protection of world heritage

this major territory of the ancient Roman Empire, which has influenced Europe for thousands of years, is also the gathering place of Mediterranean commercial civilization and the birthplace of the Renaissance. As of last July, a total of 55 world heritage sites in Italy have been approved by UNESCO for inclusion in the world heritage list, ranking first in the world with China in terms of number

Liu wenao, who graduated from the school of architecture of Tsinghua University with a bachelor's degree, decided to study architecture at the Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy, in 2012. This century old school, founded in the 1860s, is famous in the field of architecture, design and engineering. After returning to China, Liu wenao joined Tsinghua Tongheng heritage protection and urban and rural development research center to engage in historical and cultural heritage protection, historical city revitalization and neighborhood renewal

nowadays, the important value of cultural heritage in the field of culture and spirit has been paid more and more attention and recognized by Chinese people. China has also opened relevant courses in higher education research units, and education and research are in line with the world. However, there is still a long way to go to cultivate and popularize public awareness

in China, many heritage sites overlap with residential communities. Coordinating the protection of cultural and natural heritage resources and the rights of the community public to survival and development is also the focus of the protection system. How to make the public form a consciousness of conscious protection of world heritage and form an organized and orderly protection behavior has aroused Liu wenao's continuous attention. "The popularization of the concept and concept of national cultural heritage is not overnight, which requires cognitive education, the support and advocacy of relevant departments and other joint efforts. For returnees engaged in heritage protection, it is our bounden duty to make more people understand cultural heritage." Liu wenao said

taking Beijing as an example, many urban areas with deep cultural accumulation are in the old city, the infrastructure construction is relatively old, and the overall urban texture, features, functions and population are diversified. Many old streets can reflect the diversified characteristics of the times in terms of architectural style, and are also the epitome of time and years. They are precious material wealth

it is not easy to revitalize the old street. The space constraints caused by the high population density and the vitality of cultural functions need to be improved, exposing the shortcomings of insufficient in-depth excavation of history and culture. The deep-seated reason for the occupation of some public spaces lies in the old residential areas and unclear management subjects...

from the perspective of Liu wenao and his team members, he wants to find a breakthrough to better show the historical and cultural features of the capital, We can make efforts from the following aspects: first, we should make a plan centered on the people pressing the stop key under the electromechanical operation state, explore a new path for the revitalization of historical blocks focusing on people's real needs, and deal with the relationship between heritage protection and improving people's livelihood; Second, promote the legislative work in the field of cultural heritage protection, promote the research of management system and mechanism, and enable all parties involved in the work of cultural heritage to assume the responsibility of protection according to law; The third is to activate the participation of social forces through incentive and security policies, so as to realize the protection and overall revitalization of cultural heritage sites

ZHENG Yunfei: the rice code

a journey to find the root of rice

ZHENG Yunfei studies the origin and development of rice. He can tell you what staple foods, fruits and vegetables were on the table of Zhejiang people thousands of years ago through the study of plant seeds, pollen and phytoliths

after being transferred to the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology from Zhejiang University in 2002, Zheng Yunfei quickly went to the excavation site of the Neolithic site of KUAHUQIAO to carry out a survey of plant remains, and found the remains of cultivated rice 8000 years ago, which pushed the history of rice cultivation in Zhejiang forward 1000 years. In 2006, he found the remains of cultivated rice in the Shangshan cultural site, tracing the history of rice cultivation back to 10000 years. In 2007, he discovered the rice field of Hemudu culture, the oldest in the world. In 2009, he found Liangzhu paddy field with perfect irrigation system... One by one, recording Zheng Yunfei's archaeological footprints in the past 20 years

a grain of rice is closely related to the cultural significance of human society. Besides the attribute of food, it also deeply affects human lifestyle, social structure and civilization development

"China is an agricultural country with a long history, and the study of rice is a reflection of the production and labor of the whole human society. For example, in the Liangzhu archaeology, we found a huge grain storage area in the south of the palace in the city, which contains about 100000 kilograms of rice." Said Zheng Yunfei. "Archaeology is not simply to explore specific images of objects, but also to verify a period of social and human development history, as well as the formation process of a civilization."

scientific and technological archaeology "today is for ancient use"

specifically, the Hemudu site, the Liangzhu ancient city site, the Lingshan site... Can see the figure of Zheng Yunfei. So far, he has conducted plant remains investigation on dozens of sites and obtained a large number of plant remains, laying a foundation for further study of Zhejiang prehistoric social and economic history

in recent years, the scientific and technological archaeology team led by Zheng Yunfei has carried out research in the field of cultural relics scientific and technological protection, which is a branch of science